1. Stippling with a paintbrush or an airbrush: In a large area of paint loss, a brush full of paint or an airbrush is used to obtain a cloud of small coloured dots that gives an evenly spread result.

2. Chromatic abstraction or cross-hatching: Very thin criss-crossed lines of pure colours are applied, close together, without constructing shapes or volumes, based on the predominant colours in the work.

Master of Vallbona de les Monges (Guillem Seguer [?]), Frontal of the Corpus Christi [2], circa 1335-1345. Tempera, stucco reliefs and yellow-glazed metal sheet on wood.

Master of Estopanyà, Altarpiece of Saint Vincent [3], circa 1350-1370. Tempera and gold leaf on wood.